The world has witnessed unprecedented changes in the environmental activities during the preceding four decades. More importantly, the growth in urbanization and industrialization has presented twofold challenge to the environmental management globally. The degrading environment and mounting burden on fossil fuels are the main impediments in achieving the target of sustainable development in India. In this apparently no win situation, the alternative options are to promote conservation and to introduce new technologies as an operational part of environmental strategy through an effective legal framework for the proper management of environment related activities.